What if You Want to in-text Cite a Whole Paragraph
In-Text Citations: The Basics
Annotation: This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Transmission (i.e., APA 7), which released in Oct 2019. The equivalent resources for the older APA 6 style tin exist found here.
Reference citations in text are covered on pages 261-268 of the Publication Manual. What follows are some general guidelines for referring to the works of others in your essay.
Note: On pages 117-118, the Publication Manual suggests that authors of research papers should utilize the past tense or present perfect tense for betoken phrases that occur in the literature review and procedure descriptions (for example, Jones (1998)found or Jones (1998)has found...). Contexts other than traditionally-structured enquiry writing may let the simple present tense (for case, Jones (1998)finds).
APA Commendation Nuts
When using APA format, follow the author-date method of in-text citation. This means that the author'south last name and the year of publication for the source should appear in the text, like, for example, (Jones, 1998). One complete reference for each source should appear in the reference list at the end of the paper.
If you are referring to an thought from another piece of work merelyNOT direct quoting the fabric, or making reference to an entire book, article or other work, you merely have to make reference to the author and year of publication and not the page number in your in-text reference.
On the other hand, if you are direct quoting or borrowing from another piece of work, you should include the page number at the end of the parenthetical citation. Use the abbreviation "p." (for one page) or "pp." (for multiple pages) before list the page number(s). Use an en dash for page ranges. For example, you might write (Jones, 1998, p. 199) or (Jones, 1998, pp. 199–201). This information is reiterated below.
Regardless of how they are referenced, all sources that are cited in the text must announced in the reference list at the end of the paper.
In-text citation capitalization, quotes, and italics/underlining
- Ever capitalize proper nouns, including writer names and initials: D. Jones.
- If you refer to the title of a source within your newspaper, capitalize all words that are 4 letters long or greater within the title of a source:Permanence and Change. Exceptions employ to short words that are verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs:Writing New Media,At that place Is Nothing Left to Lose.
(Annotation: in your References listing, merely the first give-and-take of a title will be capitalized:Writing new media.)
- When capitalizing titles, capitalize both words in a hyphenated compound give-and-take:Natural-Born Cyborgs.
- Capitalize the first word after a dash or colon: "Defining Motion picture Rhetoric: The Case of Hitchcock'southwardVertigo."
- If the championship of the work is italicized in your reference list, italicize it and utilise championship case capitalization in the text:The Closing of the American Listen;The Magician of Oz;Friends.
- If the title of the work is not italicized in your reference list, use double quotation marks and title example capitalization (fifty-fifty though the reference list uses sentence example): "Multimedia Narration: Constructing Possible Worlds;" "The One Where Chandler Can't Weep."
Brusque quotations
If you are directly quoting from a work, you will demand to include the author, yr of publication, and page number for the reference (preceded past "p." for a unmarried page and "pp." for a span of multiple pages, with the folio numbers separated by an en dash).
You can introduce the quotation with a signal phrase that includes the author's last name followed by the appointment of publication in parentheses.
According to Jones (1998), "students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when information technology was their commencement time" (p. 199).
Jones (1998) institute "students oft had difficulty using APA style" (p. 199); what implications does this have for teachers?
If y'all practice not include the author's name in the text of the sentence, place the author'due south last proper noun, the twelvemonth of publication, and the page number in parentheses after the quotation.
She stated, "Students often had difficulty using APA style" (Jones, 1998, p. 199), merely she did not offer an explanation as to why.
Long quotations
Place straight quotations that are twoscore words or longer in a free-standing block of typewritten lines and omit quotation marks. Start the quotation on a new line, indented 1/2 inch from the left margin, i.e., in the same identify you would begin a new paragraph. Type the entire quotation on the new margin, and indent the first line of whatever subsequent paragraph within the quotation one/2 inch from the new margin. Maintain double-spacing throughout, but practise not add together an extra blank line earlier or afterwards information technology. The parenthetical commendation should come after the endmost punctuation mark.
Because block quotation formatting is difficult for us to replicate in the OWL's content management system, nosotros have simply provided a screenshot of a generic example beneath.
Formatting example for block quotations in APA 7 style.
Quotations from sources without pages
Direct quotations from sources that do not contain pages should non reference a folio number. Instead, you may reference another logical identifying element: a paragraph, a chapter number, a section number, a table number, or something else. Older works (like religious texts) tin also contain special location identifiers like verse numbers. In brusk: selection a substitute for folio numbers that makes sense for your source.
Jones (1998) establish a diversity of causes for student dissatisfaction with prevailing citation practices (paras. four–five).
A meta-analysis of available literature (Jones, 1998) revealed inconsistency beyond big-scale studies of educatee learning (Tabular array 3).
Summary or paraphrase
If you are paraphrasing an idea from some other work, you only take to make reference to the writer and year of publication in your in-text reference and may omit the page numbers. APA guidelines, however, do encourage including a page range for a summary or paraphrase when it will help the reader find the data in a longer work.
According to Jones (1998), APA fashion is a difficult citation format for showtime-time learners.
APA mode is a difficult citation format for first-time learners (Jones, 1998, p. 199).
Source: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_citations_the_basics.html